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Appropriate spiral artery remodeling is critical for successful fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) loss and separation, involving cell apoptosis and migration, plays an important role in this process. Decidual natural killer cells (dNK)-derived interferon gamma (IFN-γ), a key regulator of uterine arterial remodeling, can facilitate separation of VSMC layers,...
Gestational (GC) (derived from the placenta) and non-gestational (NGC) choriocarcinomas are trophoblastic diseases originated from abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic cells. These rare tumors share similar morphology and pathological features and differ on chemotherapy response, genetic origin and prognosis. In this study, the genomic profile of choriocarcinomas was performed according to their...
We investigated whether histological evidence of early atherosclerosis was present in the umbilical artery of 21 pregnancies complicated by severe perinatal inflammation, and 21 controls matched for gestational age, sex and birth weight. Severe chorioamnionitis with funisitis was associated with increased numbers of CD68 and CD45 positive cells (both P < 0.01), indicating accumulation of monocyte-derived...
Implantation and placentation in the mare does not commence until as late as day 40 after ovulation. The reasons for this and the growth factors and/or hormones which drive placentation when it does finally occur are of considerable academic and practical interest.Placental interface tissues recovered from 11 accurately aged and perfused-fixed horse uteri between 20 and 68 days of gestation were stained...
Human pregnancy and in particular the first trimester, is a period highly susceptible towards adverse insults such as oxidative stress, which may lead to inadequate embryonic and feto-placental development. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory signals. In pregnancy, diabetes elevates the risk...
Decidual inflammation and inflammasome activation contribute to the pathogenesis of preterm birth (PTB). Interleukin-(IL)11 exerts complex regulatory effects on inflammation and IL-11 protein is elevated in PTB decidua. We aimed to determine a functional role for IL-11 in parturition or PTB. IL-11 administration during middle-late gestation pregnancy induced preterm birth in 87.5% of mice versus saline...
Does maternal IgG found in placental tissue provide the fetus with more than just humoral immunity? To address this question, the IgGs from twelve placentas were studied and four of these samples were examined using mass spectrometry which revealed an IgG1k idiotype. A special dodecapeptide portion of the 3rd framework region of the VH chain sequence was identified as an idiotypic determinant in these...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in the pathology of preeclampsia (PE). The survival of MSCs and angiogenesis in the maternal-fetal interface are important for a successful pregnancy. MicroRNA-136 (miR-136) is highly expressed in decidua-derived MSCs (MSCs) from PE compared with healthy donors (NC). The role of the MSCs aberrant expressed miR-136 in PE development is still unclear...
Epidemiology has linked preeclampsia (PET) to decreased maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). However, alterations in systemic and placental/decidual transport and metabolism of 25(OH)D3 during pregnancy suggest that other forms of vitamin D may also contribute to the pathophysiology of PET.In a cross sectional analysis of normal pregnant women at 1st (n = 25) and 3rd trimester (n = 21),...
Vitamin D has pleiotropic functions that regulate fetal growth and development. We investigated associations of common placental genetic variations in vitamin D metabolism with birthweight.The study was conducted among participants (506 maternal-infant pairs) of a pregnancy cohort study. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and post-delivery medical record abstraction...
Adequate extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion is essential for successful placentation. Although miR-520c-3p plays an important role in CD44-mediated invasion in cancer cells, there is little information on whether miR-520c-3p is involved in the regulatory mechanisms of CD44-mediated EVT invasion.We screened first trimester trophoblast cells and trophoblast cell lines for expression of miR-520c-3p...
Visfatin/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), an enzyme involved in energy metabolism and sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT3, which are NAD-dependent deacetylases, are critical for cellular function. All three either regulate or are regulated by intracellular NAD+ levels and therefore available cellular energy, important for placental cell survival and successful pregnancy. This study investigates...
Recent studies report that 35% of women are either overweight or obese at reproductive age. The placenta continuously releases exosomes across gestation and their concentration is higher in pregnancy complications. While there is considerable interest in elucidating the role of exosomes during gestation, important questions remain to be answered: i) Does maternal BMI affect the exosomal profile across...
The placenta, a transient organ in humans, is essential for pregnancy maintenance and fetal development. Trophoblast and stromal cells are the main cell types present in human placenta. Trophoblast cells are derivatives of the trophectoderm layer and fulfill the endocrine, exchange, invasion and implantation processes of the placenta, whereas stromal cells are of extraembryonic mesenchymal origin...
Radiologic studies indicate that placental calcifications seen at 28–32 weeks' gestation are associated with adverse fetal outcome. One type of placental calcification is typically located at the basement membrane of chorionic villi. It has a fine particulate appearance and can only be seen microscopically. We have designated these calcifications as Intravillous and Intrafibrinous Particulate MicroCalcification...
Cytoplasmic vacuolization in amniocytes reportedly is specific to gastroschisis, but documentation is anecdotal. To test this point, we compared 47 placentas from documented cases of gastroschisis to 48 placentas from patients without gastroschisis. We found amniocyte vacuolization is highly sensitive (0.94), but not nearly as specific (0.44) for gastroschisis even after accounting for extent or prominence...
The placenta expresses structural and biologically active proteins. Their synthesis is mainly regulated by genomic or nongenomic signals and modulated by hormones. These protein profiles are altered during different stages of pregnancy. The biological properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were defined and described in a number of tissues including placenta. These properties enable them...
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